• Barn: Free stall housing in cubicles.
• Dry Cow Block.
• Milking Parlor with utility room.
• Maternity Ward and zone for sick animals.
• Sections for Young Stock (3 weeks - 24 months).
• Internal Feed Table.
• Scraper Manure Removal System.

Buildings in the complex can be constructed as steel frame structures using sandwich panel technology, or using fabric structure (textile) technologies. This ensures natural ventilation and access to light, taking into account the available equipment.
Additionally, a separate facility is provided on the territory — a "Calf Village", where newborn calves will be kept in individual hutches or pens installed under a canopy. This system allows for an individual approach, reduces stress, and preserves calf health during the most vulnerable period of life.
All objects are placed taking into account sanitary and zootechnical standards, as well as convenient traffic movement and possible future scaling. The territory is fenced along the perimeter to ensure biosecurity and restrict access for unauthorized persons and animals.
The farm project was developed by AgroTrust LLP using modern dairy farming technologies that take into account the climatic and economic characteristics of the region. If necessary, our team provides a full cycle of consulting and engineering services, including equipment selection, logistics, and technical supervision at all stages of construction and farm launch

The dairy complex developed by AgroTrust LLP uses modern technological solutions aimed at ensuring animal comfort, production efficiency, and environmental sustainability.

Cow Housing

• A free stall housing system is used in the barn using individual cubicles equipped with rubber mats or mattresses.
• An exercise yard (loafing area) is provided inside the barn, which positively affects the health and behavioral state of the cows.
• The Maternity Ward uses a loose housing system with group pens on deep straw bedding, which creates comfortable and safe conditions for calving and the first days of a newborn calf's life.

Calf and Young Stock Housing
The Calf Barn is organized in the form of group pens, each consisting of two zones:

1. Concrete manure alley, ensuring a sanitary zone and ease of cleaning.
2. Resting zone with deep straw bedding, creating a warm and dry environment.

Calves aged 0–3 weeks are kept in individual plastic hutches.

• The hutches are placed under a canopy and additionally equipped with individual fences.
• Plastic does not absorb moisture and bacteria, ensuring hygiene and easy disinfection.
• Hutches protect calves from wind and cold, which is especially important in conditions of freezing temperatures.

Milking
Cows are milked in a Milking Parlor equipped with a milking installation connected to a computerized herd management system. After milking, milk enters cooling tanks, ensuring rapid cooling to the set temperature to preserve product quality.

Feeding
Rations are formed based on Total Mixed Rations (TMR). Feed mixtures are prepared and distributed using a TMR mixer wagon directly onto the feed table in the barn. This system ensures uniform feed consumption, reduced culling, and increased milk productivity.

Ventilation
The farm uses natural supply and exhaust ventilation and forced recirculation fans:

• Fresh air supply is carried out through adjustable side curtains.
• Air outflow is through a light ridge in the roof.

Manure Removal
In the cow housing zone, manure is removed using an automatic scraper conveyor moving manure into a cross channel. From the channel, manure flows by gravity into a pre-lagoon, from where it is pumped into a mobile slurry tanker and transported to the manure lagoon.

• The lagoon is completely sealed, eliminating risks of soil and groundwater contamination.
• In the spring-autumn period, liquid manure is used as organic fertilizer, applied to the fields via soil injection/incorporation, in accordance with crop rotation.
• In the calf barn and maternity ward, manure removal is carried out mechanically using a tractor. The semi-dry manure-straw mixture is taken to a composting pad. After fermentation, the compost is used to fertilize arable land

The Dairy Farm project provides for the use of modern free stall and engineering equipment. AgroTrust LLP provides a complete set of equipment, including:

• Technological design (building dimensions, equipment layout);
• Installation and connection diagrams;
• Supervision of installation (Chief Installation) on-site;
• Technical support for commissioning and personnel training

The barn is designed with an estimated area of at least 9–10 m² per cow, including the feed table, alleyways, and watering zones. Thus, for housing, for example, 100 dairy cows, the total area of the barn should be about 900 - 1000 m². Precise parameters and building configuration are determined individually, taking into account site features, climatic conditions,existing structures, as well as logistical and engineering requirements.
Inside the barn, the following are provided:

• Two or four rows of individual free stalls for cow resting, equipped with rubber mats and dividers;
• Central feed table;
• Zones for housing:
• Milking cows;
• Dry animals;
• Pre- and post-calving groups;
• Calves from 3 weeks;
• Maternity ward;

Inside the premises, the following are provided:

• Group drinkers (troughs) for dairy cows;
• Individual or small group drinkers for calves.
• All drinkers are equipped with a freeze protection system ensuring heating in the winter period.

The ventilation system is based on natural supply and exhaust ventilation with the possibility of forced reinforcement:

• Side walls of the barn and calf barn are equipped with adjustable ventilation curtains;
• A light ridge is installed in the roof for exhaust air;
• Additionally, installation of fans operating on temperature and humidity sensors is provided. This system ensures a stable microclimate throughout the year and helps reduce heat and ammonia stress in animals.

For newborn calves (0–2/3 weeks), a village of individual plastic hutches installed under a canopy is provided. Each hutch is equipped with:

• A bucket with a teat for milk feeding;
• A water bucket;
• An individual fenced run, ensuring freedom of movement and hygiene.

Calf feeding is organized using a mobile tank (Milk Taxi), which allows for precise dosing, feeding schedules, and sanitary standards.

Milking is carried out in a Milking parlor equipped with a Herringbone, Parallel, or Rotary type installation. The design allows for convenient simultaneous placement of animals, ensuring fast and comfortable milking.
The equipment includes:

• Milking units with soft and stable vacuum;
• Herd management system allowing tracking of productivity, heat, and general animal condition;
• Animal identification and automatic sorting (selection) systems (directing animals to groups after milking);
• A set of spare parts and consumables;
• Workplace for one milker, making the process efficient and labor-saving.

Milking is planned to be twice or three times per shift.

Milk storage is organized in a closed-type cooling tank equipped with:

• Two compressors;
• Rapid cooling system and temperature maintenance in the range +2...+4°C;
• Automatic temperature control and washing (CIP);
• Capability to connect to the milk accounting and remote monitoring system.

The equipment fully complies with sanitary-hygienic and veterinary requirements.

An automatic cable scraper system ("delta-type") is used in the barn, designed for:

• Regular removal of manure from alleys;
• Transportation of manure into a cross channel, from which it enters the pre-lagoon.

From the pre-lagoon, manure is pumped to the lagoon or onto the field using a pump. For removal and application, a special slurry tanker with a dosing mechanism is used, ensuring uniform application to fields according to organic farming and crop rotation requirements.

Feed preparation and distribution are carried out using a vertical TMR mixer wagon. Advantages:

• Uniform mixing of all components;
• High dosing accuracy during feeding;
• Reliable operation even with high fiber content feeds (haylage, straw, corn silage).

Feed is distributed onto the feed table along the stalls.

The Dairy Farm project, developed with the participation of AgroTrust LLP, provides for housing high-yielding dairy cows of the following breeds: Holstein-Friesian (Black-and-White), Simmental, or hybrids adapted to local climatic conditions. All animals are purchased from proven breeding farms, taking into account productivity, genetic potential, and disease resistance.

• Average productivity: 1st lactation - 25 L, 2nd and 3rd lactations - 30 L of milk per day.
• Fat - 3.5–4.0%, Protein - 3.0–3.2%, with a complete ration.

Herd structure and management
Four technological groups are placed in the barn:

• Three groups of milking cows (by lactation stage);
• One group of dry animals.

Pre-calving cows are kept either with dry cows or moved to a separate Maternity ward 2–3 weeks before calving, where they enter:

• Calving boxes;
• Fresh cow sections.

Cows stay with the calf for no more than 24 hours, after which the calf is moved, and the cow moves to the postpartum group for 5–7 days.
Care for young stock
The Calf village is equipped with individual hutches on straw bedding, refreshed as it gets dirty. The first phase lasts up to 21 days, then calves are transferred to groups by age, in accordance with the technological scheme, with clear zoning on the territory.
Biosecurity and automation
All animal movements are organized to exclude crossing between age groups and flows. Productivity recording, health monitoring, heat detection, and feeding are carried out through the AfiFarm system. Sort gates, animal IDs, separation sections, and the veterinary block allow minimizing stress, automating processes, and ensuring control at every stage.

Feeding organization is designed taking into account the physiological needs of animals, lactation stages, and principles of rational feeding. All Total Mixed Rations (TMR) are compiled based on data on:

• Dry Matter content;
• Net Energy of Lactation (at least 60% of total energy);
• Crude Protein and Nitrogen Balance in the rumen;
• Mineral and Vitamin requirements.

Ration groups
To ensure optimal productivity and herd health, separate rations are provided for the following groups:

• Dry cows (2 phases: high and low energy);
• Transition cows / Pre-calving (3 weeks before calving);
• Fresh cows (first 21 days after calving);
• Heifers (taking into account growth and lactation);
• Milking cows - 3 groups by lactation stages (1st, 2nd, 3rd).

Important: Within the framework of feeding logistics optimization, unification of rations for milking cows of all lactation stages is allowed, with adjustments for nutrient content and premix dosage.
Sample ration for 1 milking cow (600–650 kg, 20–25 L milk/day):

Animals must have free access to clean drinking water in unlimited volume. Water consumption increases on hot days (up to 100–105 L/day at +28 °C).
Calf feeding
The calf rearing system provides for a strict step-by-step feeding program, starting from the first day:

• From Day 5: feeding 2 × 2.5 L milk/CMR;
• Week 2: 2 × 3 L;
• Week 3 and beyond: up to 3.5–4 L per feeding;
• Gradual transition to starter feed and hay.

Rations for calves, young stock, and replacement herd are calculated by age groups:

Feed harvesting and management
Based on the rations, an annual plan of herd feed requirements is formed, including:

• Volumes of feed crop sowing;
• Schemes of harvesting, ensiling, and storage (silage trenches, hay barns);
• Calculation of logistics and machinery.

AgroTrust LLP provides support in personnel recruitment, training, and adaptation of work processes. For stable operation in the first years, remote or on-site management is possible, including support from a zootechnician and veterinarian. All consulting and training services are agreed upon individually and are included in the support package when ordering a project through our company.