Composting

Waste to Wealth:
A Second Life for
Livestock Waste

A comprehensive approach to the processing
of manure and litter: compost, bedding, biogas.

Composting

A hermetic tank where anaerobic digestion takes place

Biogas

Composting

Bedding

Compost turners, fleece covers, spreaders, temperature monitoring sensors

Processing of the solid fraction into bedding

Manure Removal

Scrapers, pumps, lagoons, mixers, separators

Manure Management Flow
From cow to fertilizer

Manure from animals

50 to 70 kg per day per cow

Manure Removal System

Scraper system in barns

Manure is discharged

into a channel

Transfer

Flows by gravity or is pumped further

Separator

The separator divides manure into two fractions

Pumping

Manure is pumped to processing or storage

Pre-lagoon

Serves for temporary storage of slurry

Field Application

Biogas Production

Processing into Bedding

Composting

Biogas Plant

Bedding Recovery

7.1

7.2

7.3

The Problem: "Why Can't It Be Applied Directly to Fields?"

Risk of Soil and Water Contamination

Manure contains nitrates, phosphates, and pathogenic microorganisms.
Animals eat grass with weed seeds, which then clog your fields, increasing the need for herbicide treatment
Phytotoxicity
(Harm to Plants)

Fresh manure can contain ammonia, acids, and weed seeds
Many nutrients are in a form unavailable to plants
The decomposition process releases a lot of heat and ammonia, which can damage roots
Low Fertilizer Efficiency

Fresh manure is not immediately available to plants. This can lead to nitrogen starvation in plants
Helminth eggs and harmful bacteria can persist in fresh organic matter
Environmental and Sanitary Standards

Many countries (including Kazakhstan) have environmental regulations that limit waste management practices

Article 344 of the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 235-V of July 5, 2014, specifies liability for violations:

1. Storage of waste outside specially designated places intended for accumulation or disposal entails a fine:

On officials, small businesses, or non-profit organizations: 100 MCI.
On medium-sized businesses: 200 MCI.
On large businesses: 500 MCI (1,967,500 KZT).

2. Violation of environmental requirements for waste storage and placement entails a fine:

On medium-sized businesses: 100 MCI.

3. Violation of environmental requirements for waste management operations entails a fine:

On large businesses: 300 MCI.

4. Repeated violation within a year entails a double fine:

On medium-sized businesses: 1000 MCI (3,932,000 KZT).

75%

Degradation Prone

Currently, over 75% of agricultural land in Kazakhstan is prone to degradation, including erosion, depletion, and salinization
20%

Degraded (Damaged)

About 90 million hectares are considered prone to erosion, and 29 million hectares have already suffered. In total, 20% of the land in the country is degraded

“

Composting is a biological nutrient cycling process in which organic waste is decomposed by bacteria and fungi (microorganisms) under the influence of atmospheric oxygen (aerobic process).
In addition to carbon dioxide, water-soluble mineral substances such as nitrates, ammonium salts, phosphates, potassium, and magnesium compounds are released, acting as fertilizers. Some of the intermediate products formed during decomposition turn into humus.
Important conditions for the composting process:

Water content: 40-60%
Material density: max. 650 kg/m³
C/N ratio: 30:1

How composting technology works

Important Composting Nuances

Temperature:
55–70 °C
Humidity:
60–65%
Aeration:
Turning/Mixing
Smell = Error

Types of Composting Technologies

Open Unpaved Windrow Composting

In open unpaved windrow composting, organic waste is composted directly on the topsoil layer (without soil compaction). Special location requirements must be met (e.g., groundwater protection). The more rainfall per year, the more difficult maintenance becomes. Roadside composting is an ideal option because the tractor can remain on a paved surface while only the compost windrow is on the unpaved surface
Open Paved Windrow Composting

The most common option for open composting is windrow composting on a paved base. Depending on the material, location, and facility, additional special emission control measures may be required:
Covering windrows with fleece or semi-permeable membrane
Positive or negative aeration (ventilation).
Windrow size limitation.
Leachate water collection.
Static or dynamic windrow.
Technology and frequency of turning.
Box Composting (Under Roof)

Unlike composting in open windrows, in roofed composting, leachate water is not diluted by precipitation, which significantly reduces the amount of eluate. Rainwater is collected separately and can seep away untreated. In hot climates, the roof provides additional protection against drying out. Additionally, an automatic irrigation system can be installed under the roof to maintain the required compost moisture level
Windrow Composting with Membrane

As protection against odor emissions, a semi-permeable membrane can be installed on static rotting blocks, which must be combined with a positive aeration system. Due to the effort involved in manipulation, periodic turning is generally uneconomical.
A semi-permeable membrane can make a significant contribution to odor reduction during the composting process. However, during manipulation or turning, the membrane must be removed, meaning that odor and dust (bioaerosols) emissions cannot be prevented in the short term.

Composter (In-Vessel)

Turn Manure into Premium Organic Fertilizer

Aerobic composting technology accelerates decomposition, eliminates pathogens, reduces odors and emissions, and produces nutrient-rich compost for sustainable agriculture
Compatibility with Large-Scale Operations

Composters are designed for large-scale operations capable of processing from 4.4 to 70 tons of manure or organic waste per day. Ideal for large farms and industrial compost plants, ensuring the efficiency and capacity needed to handle significant volumes
Aerobic Composting for Optimal Decomposition

The main principle is aerobic composting. The goal is to stimulate oxygen circulation to activate aerobic bacteria, raise the temperature, accelerate the decomposition of organic materials, and minimize odors. This method produces premium quality compost, rich in nutrients and beneficial for soil health
High-Quality Materials

Made of corrosion-resistant materials to withstand harsh conditions and continuous use. Ensures reliable performance for many years

Compost Turners

Professional attachments and machines for efficient mixing and aeration of compost windrows

Turners

Ensure uniform distribution of oxygen, moisture, and temperature throughout the mass, accelerating the decomposition process and increasing the quality of the finished compost. CMC ST Turners ensure stable operation and high quality of the finished compost. Their design is thought out for uniform mixing and oxygen saturation of the mass

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